Health & Wellbeing

Cataract Surgery: What to Expect?

By akonsadbin

Cataract Surgery is a very common procedure that millions of people need worldwide. A cataract occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision, glare sensitivity, and difficulty seeing in low light. Fortunately, cataract surgery is a safe and highly effective procedure that can restore clear vision. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide on what to expect before, during, and after cataract surgery, including preparation, the surgical procedure, recovery, and potential risks.

What is Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery is a medical procedure that involves removing the cloudy natural lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This procedure is performed by an ophthalmologist and is considered one of the safest and most common surgeries worldwide.

Cataract surgery is typically recommended when vision impairment begins to interfere with daily activities such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces.

Before Cataract Surgery: Preparation and Evaluations

Initial Consultation and Diagnosis

The first step in preparing for cataract surgery is a thorough eye examination conducted by an ophthalmologist. During this consultation, the doctor will assess:

  • The severity of the cataract
  • Overall eye health
  • The presence of any other eye conditions, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration
  • The patient’s general medical history

If cataract surgery is deemed necessary, the ophthalmologist will discuss different options for intraocular lenses (IOLs) and help the patient choose the most suitable type.

Choosing the Right Intraocular Lens (IOL)

There are different types of intraocular lenses available, each designed to correct vision in specific ways. The most common types include:

  • Monofocal IOL – Provides clear vision at a single focal distance (either near or far). Patients may still need glasses for certain activities.
  • Multifocal IOL – Offers both near and distant vision correction, reducing the need for glasses.
  • Toric IOL – Corrects astigmatism and provides sharper vision.

The choice of IOL depends on factors such as lifestyle, vision needs, and whether the patient wants to reduce their dependence on glasses.

Pre-Surgical Instructions

Before surgery, the doctor will provide specific instructions, including:

  • Medication adjustments – Some medications may need to be stopped or adjusted before surgery, especially blood thinners.
  • Use of prescribed eye drops – Antibiotic or anti-inflammatory eye drops may be prescribed before surgery to reduce the risk of infection and inflammation.
  • Fasting guidelines – Patients are usually advised not to eat or drink anything for several hours before surgery.

Patients should arrange for transportation on the day of surgery, as they will not be able to drive themselves home.

During Cataract Surgery: Step-by-Step Procedure

Cataract surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure and takes about 15–30 minutes per eye. The entire visit, including preparation and recovery time, may take a few hours.

  • Anesthesia and Sedation: The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia (eye drops or injections to numb the eye). Mild sedation may be given to help patients stay relaxed, but they remain awake during the surgery.
  • Removal of the Cloudy Lens: The surgeon makes a tiny incision in the cornea and removes the cloudy lens using one of the following techniques: 1) Phacoemulsification (Phaco) – The most common method, in which ultrasound waves break the cataract into small pieces that are suctioned out, 2) Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) – Used for very advanced cataracts, involving a larger incision to remove the lens in one piece.
  • Implantation of the Artificial Lens: Once the cloudy lens is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted through the same incision. The IOL unfolds inside the eye and is positioned securely.
  • Closing the Incision: In most cases, the incision is self-sealing, meaning stitches are not required. A protective shield may be placed over the eye to prevent accidental rubbing.

The entire surgical process is quick, and patients experience minimal discomfort.

After Cataract Surgery: Recovery and Care

Immediate Post-Surgical Period

After surgery, patients are taken to a recovery area where their vitals are monitored. They may experience:

  • Blurry vision (which improves within a few days)
  • Mild irritation or a scratchy sensation in the eye
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Watery eyes or mild discomfort

These symptoms are normal and typically subside within a few days.

Post-Surgery Care Instructions

To ensure proper healing, the ophthalmologist provides detailed aftercare instructions, including:

Eye Drops and Medications

Patients are prescribed antibiotics and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent infection and reduce swelling. These must be used as directed.

Protective Measures

  • Wear an eye shield while sleeping for the first few days.
  • Avoid rubbing or pressing on the operated eye.
  • Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect the eye from bright light and dust.

Activity Restrictions

To avoid complications, patients should:

  • Avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting for at least one week.
  • Avoid bending over, as it can increase pressure in the eye.
  • Avoid swimming or using hot tubs for at least two weeks to prevent infection.
  • Follow up with the ophthalmologist as scheduled.

Expected Vision Improvement

  • Vision typically improves within a few days, but full healing can take 4-6 weeks.
  • Some patients may experience temporary glare or halos around lights, which usually diminish over time.
  • If the other eye also has a cataract, surgery for the second eye is usually scheduled a few weeks later.

Possible Complications and How to Address Them

Cataract surgery is considered very safe, but like any surgical procedure, there are some risks. Potential complications include:

  • Infection or inflammation – Managed with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drops.
  • Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) – Can be monitored and treated if necessary.
  • Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) – A condition where the lens capsule becomes cloudy, causing vision to blur again. This can be easily treated with a quick laser procedure called YAG laser capsulotomy.
  • Retinal Detachment (rare) – Symptoms include flashes of light or a sudden increase in floaters, requiring urgent medical attention.

Any unusual symptoms, such as severe pain, sudden vision loss, or persistent redness, should be reported to the doctor immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is cataract surgery painful?

No, cataract surgery is performed under local anesthesia, so patients feel little to no pain during the procedure. Mild discomfort after surgery is normal but temporary.

Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?

It depends on the type of IOL chosen. Monofocal lenses may still require glasses for near or distant vision, while multifocal or toric lenses reduce the need for glasses.

How soon can I resume normal activities?

Most patients can return to light daily activities within a few days, but strenuous activities should be avoided for at least one to two weeks.

Can cataracts come back after surgery?

No, cataracts do not return once the cloudy lens is removed. However, some patients may develop posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which is treatable with a quick laser procedure.

Best Eye Specialists in Bangladesh

Here is the list of the best Eye Specialists in Bangladesh as per ‘Where’s My Doctor?‘:

Conclusion

Cataract surgery is a safe, effective, and life-changing procedure that restores clear vision and improves the quality of life for millions of people. Understanding what to expect before, during, and after surgery helps patients feel more prepared and confident about the process.

With proper post-operative care and regular follow-ups, most individuals achieve excellent visual outcomes and can enjoy a brighter, clearer future. If you are experiencing vision problems due to cataracts, consulting an ophthalmologist can help determine if cataract surgery is right for you.

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